The Negative Effects of Tourism Development in the Perception of Residents of Different Types of Rural Communities

The main objective of the article is to determine the perception of negative effects of tourism development observed among the residents of different types of rural communities. In the paper, it is assumed that negative effects of tourism development can be perceived by the residents of tourist resorts from the economic, social, cultural and environmental points of view. Having verified previously taken hypotheses, it has been found out that significant statistical differences observed in the perception of tourism development among the residents of different types of rural communities merely concern goods and services prices rise, which appears to be the only negative effect of tourism development perceived by the residents of the particular community. Furthermore, no statistically important relationship between the influence of tourism development on the respondents’ income and their perception of its negative effects analysed here, has been found

New trends in tourism research - A Polish perspective

This Monograph is composed with selected articles of PhD students from many Polish universities. These articles are a selection of papers submitted to the II International Conference of Tourism, Hospitality and Recreation 2014 (EJTHR 2014), that took place in Poznan (Poland), on 19th -21st May, 2014. The Conference was co-organized by the following entities: - GITUR – Tourism Research Unit of the Polytechnic Institute of Leiria (Portugal) - European Journal of Tourism, Hospitality and Recreation - EJTHR - University School of Physical Education in Poznan (Poland) - University of Economy in Bydgoszcz (Poland)The monograph “New Trends in Tourism Research - A Polish Perspective” is just one of three outcomes of the II International Conference promoted in Poznan, Poland (19th – 21st May 2014) that was organised by EJTHR - European Journal of Tourism, Hospitality and Recreation2. The uniqueness of this publication is the fact that all the selected articles are authored by Polish Ph.D. students from many universities, choosing tourism as their main research subject. As a mechanism that works flawlessly, the international conferences organized by the EJTHR are meant to work as a leverage in promoting tourism research, particularly in the host country. This way, a significant amount of Polish young people doing their first steps in Tourism Research were challenged to present their studies in the conference and to publish heir papers after double-blind peer review process. As a result, a total of seventeen authored by twenty four PhD students were selected for publishing in this monograph.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Szlaki wina w Polsce – perspektywy i bariery rozwoju

It is impossible to find a proper place for a wine-tourism in the taxonomy of tourism branches. The wine-tourism is sometimes believed to be a form of agrotourism and its ‘happier sister’. It also constitutes an integral part of culinary tourism. As the number of participating tourists is not high and as those tourists have influence on tourist activation of rural areas, the term ‘sustainable tourism’ is also sometimes used to define this branch. Those who are keen on wine-tourism not only look for an opportunity to taste wine but also want to know local wine traditions such as cultivating grapevines, picking grapes and producing wine. They expect a comprehensive tourist product to satisfy their ‘enotourist’ curiosity and guarantee pleasant leisure time. Being in fashion and enjoying long-running fame are two main determinants to affect the choice of a destination. Although there are varied forms of enotourist product on the market, in most cases, this product is made up of four elements: – visiting vineyards – visiting wine cellars (usually not open to the public) – wine tasting – dining in restaurants in which local dishes and wine are served. In Poland there are much fewer enotourist tours on offer than in such countries like France, Italy, Spain and Portugal which proves this kind of service to be already shaping up on the Polish market. Importers, wine sellers, wine lovers associations and clubs and very few travel agencies play a great role in supplying this particular service. Although there are attempts to revive wine traditions in the Podkarpacie region and in the west of Poland (Jelenia Góra), it will be long until the wine-trail is marked out. There are still fiscal regulations which make the development of small family vineyards impossible to flourish. It causes lack of profitability of wine to production on a small scale and that is the reason for pushing all small winemakers to grey market. However, the fact of planting new grapevines in Poland is not prohibited till 2010 is an additional incentive for European investors. As mentioned above, we can say, that those who make laws are responsible for potential financial profits coming from wine-tourism development and for flowing this money to Polish farmers. If those people give a green light to produce wine, all agrotourist farms, farmers or winemakers from former EU will get a chance. It is clear that without making any chances in the present fiscal regulations, no authorized group will take advantage of wine-boom’. And it will be easier for Poland to play a role of producer of this drink than enotourist destination

Факторы, определяющие решения насчет семейных туристских поездок по мнению молодежи средних школ

W artykule zaprezentowano wyniki badań nad czynnikami podejmowania decyzji o rodzinnym wyjeździe turystycznym, przeprowadzonych wśród młodzieży ponadgimnazjalnej w Polsce. Celem zrealizowanych badań było określenie motywów uczestnictwa w rodzinnych wyjazdach turystycznych przez młodzież, jak również określenie głównych decydentów w opinii uczniów, jak możliwości i skali ich wpływu na różne elementy takiego wyjazdu. Wyniki pokazują, że wpływ na decyzje odnośnie tego typu wyjazdów przez młodzież jest znaczący, jednak to głównie sami rodzice podejmują najważniejsze decyzje dotyczące organizacji samego wyjazdu. Coraz bardziej znaczącymi motywami tego typu wyjazdów są motywy eskapistyczne, które wypierają motywy czysto hedonistyczne, w dalszym ciągu ważna jest jednak u młodzieży otwartość na świat i nowe doświadczenia.The article presents results of research on motivations and family decision making in tourism, conducted in secondary schools in Poland. The purpose of completed research was to determine the motives of participation in family tourism trips by youth as well as to identify the key decision makers such as the possibility and scale of their impact on various elements of such a trip. The results show that the impact on decisions about this kind of migration by youth is significant; however, it is mainly the parents who make the most important decisions regarding organisation of the trip. Increasingly important motives of this kind of migration are escapist motives that displace the purely hedonistic motives; however, youth openness to the world and new experiences is still important.В статье представлены результаты исследований по факторам принятия решений насчет семейной туристской поездки, проведенных среди молоде жи средних школ в Польше. Целью осуществленных обследований являлось определение мотивов принятия участия молодежи в семейных туристских по- ездках, а также указание основных решающих факторов по мнению учащихся, таких как возможности и масштаб их влияния на разные элементы такой поездки. Результаты показывают, что влияние молодежи на решения о таких поездках значительно, хотя в основном родители сами принимают основные решения, касающиеся организации самой поездки. Все более значительными мотивами такого рода поездок являются эскейпистические мотивы, которые вытесняют чисто гедонистические мотивы; по-прежнему однако для молоде- жи важны открытость на мир и новый опыт

The perceived quality of services and the post-purchase behaviour on the tourism market

Background. Word of mouth (WOM) has been acknowledged for many years as a factor of major influence on what people know, feel and do. Currently, the word of mouth effect is especially important in the tourism industry, whose intangible products are difficult to evaluate prior to their consumption. The aim of the research was to examine the relationship between the perceived service quality and the respondents’ willingness to recommend the services to others (word of mouth effect). Material and methods. The hypothesis was tested empirically among a sample of 221 students who participated in family vacation in the previous year. The Spearman correlation was established to explore the strength of the relationship between the perceived service quality and the WOM effect. Results. The study supported the hypothesis that the perceived service quality had a positive influence on the word of mouth effect. Conclusions. The perceived quality of services should be regarded as an important determinant of customers’ post-purchase behaviour

FACTORS INFLUENCING ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTIONS OF STUDENTS SPECIALIZING IN THE TOURISM INDUSTRY

The article describes the results of an international study of entrepreneurial intentions of students specializing in tourism and hospitality. As a result of the agreed questionnaire and further processing of the data the factors influencing entrepreneurial intentions were revealed. For students from Russia, Portugal, Poland, Lithuania and Oman the tendency to create new business isn't statistically significantly different. Men are more likely to become entrepreneurs than women. For students inclination towards entrepreneurship is motivated primarily by the attractiveness of this activity. Negative factors are not significant, students do not evaluate them as a barrier to starting a business. On the tendency to create new business positively affect entrepreneurial values of significant groups, the belief in the ability to provide their personal (psychological) and social security, as well as entrepreneurship education

Imbalance in PB IL-17-Secreting and Regulatory Cells in Pars Planitis Is Associated with Dysregulation of IFN-γ-Secreting Cells, Especially in Patients with Clinical Complications

Background/Purpose. Pars planitis (PP) is a chronic intermediate uveitis of undefined cause, although autoimmune etiology is strongly suggested. This study was undertaken to evaluate circulating pro- and anti-inflammatory lymphocyte subpopulations in patients with PP. A better understanding of immune alterations in PP may contribute to the development of an appropriate biologic treatment approach. Material and Methods. In our case-control study, samples of peripheral blood from 15 patients with pars planitis and 17 healthy subjects were collected. The patients underwent a full ophthalmological evaluation including macular optical coherence tomography (OCT) and submacular choroid (with enhanced deep imaging) with the SD-OCT Spectralis system. By flow cytometry, we assessed lymphocyte subpopulations as follows: Th1 subset: CD3+CD8-IFN-γ+ and CCR4-CXCR3+IFN-γ+ cells, Th17 subset: CD3+CD8-IL-17+ and CCR4+CCR6+IL-17+ cells, T regulatory (Treg): CD4+CD25hiCD127- cells, T suppressor (Tsup): CD8+CD28-FOXP3+ cells, and B regulatory (Breg): CD19+CD24hiCD38hi cells. The results are presented as the median percentage of immune cells in comparison to those obtained from the healthy control group. Results. In patients, an increase in the population of Th17-secreting cells negatively correlated with the abundance of both IFN-γ-producing and T regulatory as well as suppressor cells, regarding all the phenotypes studied. Although a strong dependence of the PB Th1 cell compartment on the duration of the disease was observed, it was limited to the subgroup of patients with macular edema only. The frequency of B regulatory cells was unchanged compared to controls. Conclusions. In pars planitis, the alterations in lymphocyte cell distribution affect primarily the T cell repertoire. The imbalance in PB Th1/Th17/Treg cells creates proinflammatory conditions, strengthening the suggestion that the immune background may play a role in pars planitis pathogenesis. Also, circulating Th1 level may be of potential clinical relevance in terms of prediction of a more severe course of the disease